Presuturing--a new technique for closing large skin defects: clinical and experimental studies

We have developed a new technique termed presuturing for aiding in the closure of large skin defects which may have otherwise required a skin graft or flap. This technique is based on biomechanical properties of skin (creep, stress relaxation) which allow skin to stretch beyond its inherent extensibility. Presuturing is performed under local anesthesia and consists of plicating intact skin over the area of planned excision the night prior to operation. Experimental studies in a pig model showed the decrease in force required to close a standard-sized wound to be 40.1 percent less than control (p less than 0.001). Fourteen patients who underwent wide excision of skin lesions had their wounds presutured. All but one wound could be closed primarily without undermining. Presuturing seems to be an easy and clinically useful technique in aiding the primary closure of large defects.     

The genomic relationship between cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and Johnsongrass [S. halepense (L.) Pers.]: a re-evaluation

Summary The genomic relationship between cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moench, race bicolor, De Wet, 2n=20] and Johnsongrass [S. halepense (L.) Pers., 2n=40] has been a subject of extensive studies. Nevertheless, there is no general consensus concerning the ploidy level and the number of genomes present in the two species. This research tested the validity of four major genomic models that have been proposed previously for the two species by studying chromosome behaviors in the parental species, 30-chromosome hybrids [sorghum, (2n=20) x Johnsongrass, (2n=40)], 40-chromosome hybrids [sorghum, (2n=40) x Johnsongrass, (2n=40)] and 60-chromosome amphiploids. Chromosome pairings of amphiploids are reported for the first time. Chromosomes of cultivated sorghums paired exclusively as 10 bivalents, whereas Johnsongrass had a maximum configuration of 5 ring quadrivalents with occasional hexavalents and octovalents. In contrast, 40-chromosome cultivated sorghum had up to 9 ring quadrivalents and 1 hexavalent. Pairing in the 30-chromosome hybrids showed a maximum of 10 trivalents, and that in the 40-chromosome hybrids exhibited 8 quadrivalents, 5 of which were rings, together with a few hexavalents. Amphiploid plants showed up to 3 ring hexavalents, 1 chain hexavalent and a chain of 12 chromosomes. The data suggest that cultivated sorghum is a tetraploid species with the genomic formula AAB1B1, and Johnsongrass is a segmental auto-allo-octoploid, AAAA B1B1B2B2. The model is further substantiated by chromosome pairing in amphiploid plants whose proposed genomic formula is AAAAAA B1B1B1B1 B2B2.Contribution no. 87-391-J from the Kansas Agriculatural Experiment Station     

中国钩蛾亚科黄钩蛾属(鳞翅目:钩蛾科)

黄钩蛾属Tridrepana全世界已有32种(Watson,1957),其中包括中国的10种(Watson,1968)。我们手中标本已鉴定10种,其中新增4新种及1新亚种。本文作一全般记录。     

川实蝇属一新种(双翅目:实蝇科)

本文记述川实蝇属Ortalotrypeta Hendel一新种,模式标本存于中国科学院动物研     

五种恙螨染色体核型的研究

恙螨染色体的研究迄今仅Shirai等(1984)简要地报道了三种纤恙螨的染色体核型。本实验采用压片法和改良空气干燥法,研究观察五种恙螨有丝分裂染色体核型。初静止化蛹1—3天的成蛹阶段是制作恙螨有丝分裂染色体标本的最佳虫期。微红纤恙螨,地里纤恙螨和巨螫齿恙螨染色体数目为2n=14;苍白纤恙螨和小板纤恙螨为2n=16。染色体呈大小不等的小棒状,单着丝粒,但多不清晰,仅可见着丝点区浅染。部分核型出现染色体异型现象。核型性别未明,性别决定机制不清。     

蚤类幼虫分类的尝试

自1872年Laboulbene,A.描述了猫栉首蚤(Ctenocephalides felis felis)的幼虫形态以来,至今已过百余年。在此期间。各国先后有些学者虽描述了不同种类蚤幼虫形态,但总数不超过30种。与世界上已知蚤类数比,不到百分之一。在吸血医学昆虫幼虫的分类研究方面,蚤类则远远落后于蚊虫。究其原因,主要是蚤类幼虫多孳生在宿主洞穴巢窝内的浮土中。比如啮齿动物的窝巢,除了在平原地区或草原地带的洞穴容易发现之外,在山区或森林地带,鼠洞就难以找寻。即使找到洞口的位置,要挖到洞内的窝巢就更加困难。因此在采集上蚤类幼虫较蚊虫困难得多。     

小地老虎变态期脂肪体变化及保幼激素类似物的影响

本文对小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)从四龄幼虫开始经预蛹和蛹的变态期及羽化为成虫后的脂肪体出现的超微结构变化,蛋白质含量的变动,以及蛋白质颗粒的形成和消失过程,进行了系统观察和组织化学分析。结果表明:(1)在幼虫期的后期,脂肪体扩大成宽带状,细胞体积增大的同时出现双核和多核。进入预蛹期,细胞内开始出现嗜碱性“蛋白质颗粒”,血细胞吞噬部分脂肪体细胞。蛹龄一天时,脂肪体转变成块状,细胞内充满大型蛋白质颗粒。在蛹龄5—10天内,“幼虫脂肪体”逐步崩解,围膜及细胞膜消失。至蛹龄12天时转变为预成虫,脂肪体细胞重新出现,并以气管分支为中心聚合成花朵状圆球体,再组成串状“成虫脂肪体”,仍充满蛋白质颗粒。幼虫期发达的粗面内质网和线粒体,至预蛹期则衰变成几种类型的蛋白质颗粒。(2)六龄幼虫在1—5日龄期间,每克脂肪体的蛋白质含量稳定在7.1—8.4毫克之间,随后逐步升高,至预蛹期达16.3毫克的峰值。蛹初期,雄蛹和雌蛹的含量分别增高到预蛹期的1.63和2.4倍。但在蛹龄2—8天内迅速下降到六龄幼虫期的水平。至蛹龄9—13天时间(包括预成虫),含量又突然猛增,雌蛹尤为显著。蛹期脂肪体细胞充满着的几种蛋白质颗粒,在羽化为成虫后的24小时内全部消失。在六龄幼虫期用保幼激素类似物ZR-515(20微克)作体壁处理,可使幼虫期延长4天,并使九日龄幼虫的脂肪体仍保持幼虫型状态。     

泡状饶氏藻营养细胞的超微结构研究

本文报道我国特有的一种绿藻门植物－泡状饶氏藻营养细胞的超微结构特征,植物体由3层细胞组成,外层细胞最小,细胞质比较丰富,含有较多的各种细胞器,液泡体积较小,中层细胞具有很大的中央液泡,细胞质成为贴壁的薄层,各种细胞器结构仍清晰可见,内层细胞极度液泡化,细胞质呈现退化状态,周生的片状叶绿体上有许多大小不等的穿孔,使叶绿体呈网孔状外貌,叶绿体主要由许多成对的类囊体组成,叶绿体上往往有几个蛋白核,蛋白核经常被1或2条类囊体穿过,呈现分隔状,本文也报道了泡状饶氏藻的线粒体,质体,内质网,高尔基体和核内微管的结构特征,根据泡状饶氏藻的类囊体形态与Ulva mutabilis非常相似以及蛋白核的超微结构特征,它与石莼科植物可能有较密切的亲缘关系,属于绿藻门中进化的类群。     

MacELISA、RPHI和IFAT用于流行性出血热早期诊断的比较

比较了IgM捕获ELISA(MacELISA)、反向间接血凝抑制试验(RPHI)和间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFAT)检测流行性出血热(EHF)病人血清特异性抗体的结果。MacELISA对急性期血清IgM抗体的阳性检出率与RPHI对总抗体的阳性检出率相近,两法都具有较高的敏感性。而IFAT检测IgG抗体的阳性率则较低。总抗体滴度(RPHI)与IgG抗体滴度(IFAT)相关(r=0.542,P<0.01),而与IgM抗体滴度(MacELISA)无明显相关(r<0.1)。但进一步研究发现,3日内血清IgM抗体滴度与总抗体滴度(RPHI)存在相关关系(r=0.701,P<0.01),表明IgM抗体可能也与发病初期RPHI的较高的阳性检出率有关。本工作表明,MacELISA作为一种早期诊断方法具有高度的特异性和敏感性,而RPHI操作简便、快速、敏感性高,但存在一定的非特异性。研究还发现,流行区临床诊断为EHF的病人,IFAT(IgG)和RPHI检测均阳性,而MacELISA(IgM)阴性,提示用RPHI进行血清学诊断时,检查双份血清是必要的。     

温度、pH及效应剂对高粱PEP羧化酶活性的协同作用

纯化的高粱PEP羧化酶活性随pH升高(pH6.6～8.0)而增大。在G6P和Mal存在下,酶活性仍有随pH升高而增大的趋势,但G6P对酶的激活百分率和Mal的抑制百分率随pH升高而降低。高粱PEP羧化酶活性的最适温度高于40℃、酶的催化效率(V_(max)/K_m)随温度升高而增大。高温下,反应激活能降低,Mal对酶活性抑制百分率亦随温度升高而下降,I_(0.5)值增大,Mal增大K_m(PEP)的效应变小。